How Investment Returns Are Projected

This calculator models monthly compounding with separate price appreciation and dividend reinvestment. Historical S&P 500 returns average about 10% annually (7% after inflation), with a roughly 2% dividend yield.

Each month: Dividends = Balance × (Dividend Yield / 12) Price Growth = Balance × ((Return - Div Yield) / 12) New Balance = Balance + Growth + Dividends + Contribution

Frequently Asked Questions

The S&P 500 has averaged about 10% annually since inception (roughly 7% after inflation). A balanced portfolio of 60% stocks and 40% bonds has historically returned about 8%. Conservative estimates use 6-7%, moderate use 8%, and aggressive use 10%.
Yes, reinvesting dividends significantly boosts long-term returns through compounding. A $10,000 S&P 500 investment in 1990 would be worth about $110,000 with reinvested dividends vs. $65,000 without — nearly 70% more.
These projections assume a constant return rate, which doesn't happen in reality. Actual returns vary year to year. Use this as a planning tool for general direction, not a precise prediction. Real results will fluctuate above and below the projection.
No. Investment returns are shown pre-tax. In a taxable account, you'd owe capital gains tax (15-20% for long-term) and income tax on dividends. Tax-advantaged accounts (401k, IRA, Roth IRA) can defer or eliminate these taxes.

Historical Context

The S&P 500 has returned an average of ~10% annually since 1926. However, individual years range from -37% (2008) to +52% (1954). Time in the market matters more than timing the market.